This is a basic format to show the process of making new policy:

1. The government identifies the need for, and drafts a new policy.
2. Government identifies key issues. The appropriate department will identify key issues that are relevant to the problem. This is done through research and consultation with people in the field.

3. Government explores policy options. Once the department has explored the key issues, it will draw up a document outlining the key issues and give suggestions for solving the issues. This document is called a green paper or discussion document, and is open to the public for comment (typically for a few months)
4. Government finalises the policy

The Department and Ministry look at all the issues and options, decide which issues are important and how they intend to address these. They also take into account public comment on the green paper or discussion document. Cabinet will have to approve the government’s final policy positions. The policy is then published as a white paper and adopted by parliament as the official policy of government. The white paper often forms the basis of laws which have to be passed in order to give effect to the policy.

Note: The ruling party in government will base their approach on the manifesto and policies of their party. Often new policies are first discussed in party congresses and the party’s public representatives use these as a basis for the work they do in government. It is also important to try and influence political parties and to participate in their policy making process whenever you have the opportunity. You can do this as a member of a party or as a participant in any public policy discussions held by the party. You can also lobby senior leaders in the party.